Racing History Remembered: The Legacy of Black Jockeys in America
June 19, or Juneteenth, is a federally and culturally recognized holiday celebrating freedom and the end of enslavement in the United States. While acknowledging our complex history, we also celebrate the remarkable achievements and resilience that emerged from challenging times, particularly in horse racing events that have deep connections right here in Charleston.
In a sport historically dominated by European traditions, the early history of horse racing in the U.S. often overlooks the contributions of Black jockeys and horsemen. Did you know the most notable jockeys, trainers, and groomers before the 19th century were enslaved? Some of the earliest black jockeys to achieve national fame were often overlooked and forgotten by mainstream historical records.
One such example is the story of a Black jockey by the name of Simon, born in West Africa and enslaved in South Carolina sometime before 1808, according to historical records, Simon was introduced to competitive racing.
Coming in at 4-and-a-half feet tall and with a visible hunchback, Simon’s unique physical characteristics and the racial barriers of his time could not stop him from pursuing excellence in horse racing. His name started to fill the mouths of spectators from different states and by the time he participated in major races, his reputation was quite large, despite his petite stature.
Washington Races in October 1940. Newgate, C.N., illustrator
Simon is remembered for his four-year rivalry with former U.S. President Andrew Jackson. In 1811, Simon, riding a racehorse called Maria, faced off against Jackson’s horse Decatur. Simon and Maria won by such a commanding distance that Decatur did not finish the race. This decisive victory sparked a competitive feud that continued for years, with Simon consistently defeating Jackson’s horses in race after race. After four years of losses, Jackson finally conceded defeat in 1815, ending their legendary rivalry.
This is just one of many stories highlighting the successful sportsmanship of Black Americans on the racetrack.
With its extensive equestrian history and deep cultural roots, Charleston, South Carolina, was once home to communities of Black jockeys and horsemen, who played a role in shaping and expanding the sport in the South.
On Juneteenth, as we reflect on the past and plan for a better future, it is important to remember people of color who helped build this sport into what it is today. Their legacy is part of our history, waiting to be more fully recognized and celebrated.